Towards Multifunctionality of Mining Landscapes in the Estonian Oil Shale Basin: Typologies, Assessment and Planning

The paper introduces the landscape assessment approach for the post-mining landscapes in the Estonian oil shale open-cast mines. Typologies of mining landscapes are based on landscape pattern, features and functions predetermined by mining technologies. The open-cast mines which have been predominantly subjected to monofunctional reforestation should direct to diversification of landscape and its functions to enrich biodiversity and public uses. Despite controversial approaches and image on mining landscapes reasons for higher appraisal and multifunctional use of mining areas are argued. Preserving heritage-valued mining landscapes could be applied using integrated physical planning.